Group related items together so that these related items are seen as one cohesive group rather than a bunch of unrelated elements. Elements that are positioned close to one another are perceived as being related while elements that are farther apart are considered less related. How close together or far apart elements are placed in a composition suggests a relationship (or lack of) between otherwise disparate parts. Using a "third element" such as a road to connect near-by elements with distant ones also helps to create a sense of relationship between the forms which are not grouped together.
The road in this painting is the "third element" that helps to create a relationship between the people in the foreground to the people in the background.
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